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References

Water Resources in Hong Kong 

1. Local water resources

Rainfall in Hong Kong

Introduction

Water Supplies Department, 2023. Annual Report 2021/22, p.19. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.1
Hong Kong Observatory, 2024. Yearly Extract, Extract of Annual Data (1961-2023). Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Hong Kong Observatory, 2021. Monthly Meteorological Normals for Hong Kong (1991-2020), Table 2 Monthly mean of rainfall in Hong Kong between 1991-2020. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.2
Hong Kong Observatory, 2022. Annual rainfall projection data for Hong Kong. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.3
Water Supplies Department, 2022. Local Yield. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Water gathering grounds

1.4
Department of Justice, 2020. Cap. 102 Waterworks Ordinance, Part I, Preliminary, 2. Interpretation. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.5
Water Supplies Department, 2022. Local Yield. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.6
Water Supplies Department, 2022. Local Yield. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Rivers

1.7
After the completion of a channelisation project by the Drainage Services Department in 1997, the downstream section of Kam Tin River converges with Shan Pui River at south of Lut Chau before entering Deep Bay.

JC-WISE, 2022. Rivers@HK Database, Rivers in Hong Kong, Geography, Rivers and Streams. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.8
JC-WISE, 2022. Rivers@HK Database, Rivers in Hong Kong, Geography. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.9
JC-WISE, 2022. Rivers@HK Database, Fluvial Landforms. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.10
JC-WISE, 2022. Rivers@HK Database, Directions of Fluvial Erosion. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

JC-WISE, 2022. Rivers@HK Database, Types of Fluvial Erosion. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.11
JC-WISE, 2022. Rivers@HK Database, Fluvial Landforms. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.12
JC-WISE, 2022. Rivers@HK Database, Rivers in Hong Kong, Geography. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.13
JC-WISE, 2022. Rivers@HK Database, Rivers in Hong Kong, Ecology. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.14
JC-WISE, 2022. Rivers@HK Database, Rivers in Hong Kong, Geography, Rivers and Streams. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Reservoirs

1.18
Water Supplies Department, 2022. Brief Introduction of Reservoirs. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.19
Water Supplies Department, 2022. Brief Introduction of Reservoirs. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.21
Water Supplies Department, 2020. Capacity of Impounding Reservoirs in Hong Kong. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.22
Green Power, 2020. Shing Mun Reservoir Water Gathering Ground: Water Gathering Ground and its Biodiversity (Reference Book for Secondary School Teacher). Hong Kong: Green Power, p.20-22.

1.23
JC-WISE, 2022. Know (Cherish) Our Water? [Video], 3:15. Youtube. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

1.24
Tymon Mellor, 2022. Hong Kong Water Supply – Lower Shing Mun Reservoir, Reservoir Function. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Green Power, 2021. Tai Tam Group of Reservoirs Water Gathering Ground, p.34

2. Dongjiang (East River)

Dongjiang river basin

2.3
Water Supplies Department, 2023. Hong Kong: The Facts – Water Supplies, Supply from Guangdong. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

2.5
Raymond Yu Wang, Cho Nam Ng, James Hans Lenzer Jr., Heping Dang, Tao Liu & Shenjun Yao (2017) Unpacking water conflicts: a reinterpretation of coordination problems in China’s water-governance system, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33:4, 553-569, DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2016.1197824

2.6
Water Resources Department of Guangdong Province, 2023. Guang Dong Water Resources Bulletin 2021, p,27. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024] (Only available in simplified Chinese)

Water Resources Department of Guangdong Province, 2023. Guang Dong Water Resources Bulletin 2021, p.4. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024] (Only available in simplified Chinese)

2.7
廣東省水利廳(2004-2008)。《2003-2007年廣東省水資源公佈》,水資源開發利用,用水量。取自:連結 [查詢日期:2024年2月] (Only available in Chinese)

廣東省水利廳(2009-2023)。《2008-2022年廣東省水資源公佈》,水資源開發利用,用水量。取自:連結 [查詢日期:2024年2月] (Only available in Chinese)

Dongshen Water Supply System

2.8
Water Supplies Department, 2024. Dongjiang Water, Transfer System, In the Mainland. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 2017. Report on the duty visit to the Dongjiang River Basin, p.27. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

2.9
Water Supplies Department, 2024. Dongjiang Water, Transfer System, In Hong Kong. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

JC-WISE, 2022. Know (Cherish) Our Water? [Video], 2:02. Youtube. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024] (Only available in Cantonese with bilingual subtitles)

2.10
Water Supplies Department, 2024. Dongjiang Water, Transfer System, In Hong Kong. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

2.11
Water Supplies Department, 2024. Dongjiang Water, Transfer System, In the Mainland. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Hong Kong Water Supply Agreement

2.12
Water Supplies Department, 2021. Dongjiang Water Supply, Supply Agreements since 2006. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

2.13
Water Supplies Department, 2021. Dongjiang Water, Price of DJ Water. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Water Supplies Department, 2023. Annual Report 2021/22, p.22. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

2.15
Water Supplies Department, 2021. Dongjiang Water, Price of DJ Water. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Water Supplies Department, 2023. Annual Report 2021/22, p.22. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

2.16
Water Supplies Department, 1999-2023. Annual Report 1998/99-2021/22, Annual Quantity of Fresh Water Supply. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Water Supplies Department, 1999-2023. Annual Report 1998/99-2021/22, Annual Salt Water Consumption and Population Served with Salt Water. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

3. Is Hong Kong a water-scarce city?

Water provision in Hong Kong: Current situation and future considerations

3.1
Legislative Council Secretariat Research Office, 2021. Statistical Highlights. Dongjiang water supply. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Ministry of Water Resources the People’s Republic of China, 2020. The Pearl River Delta Water Resources Allocation Project started operation. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

Desalination

3.4
Water Supplies Department, 2024. How Does Desalination Work? Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

3.6
Legislative Council Panel on Development, 2012. 345WF – Planning and investigation study of desalination plant at Tseung Kwan O. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]

3.7
Water Supplies Department, 2024. Personal communication

Legislative Council Secretariat Research Office, 2015. Research Brief. Issue No. 5 2014-2015. Water resources in Hong Kong. Available at: link [Accessed Feb 2024]